Mass media and child labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11250 words

Broad communications and kid work - Essay Example The general picture that rises up out of the writing on the two subjects was that kid work is an undeniable issue and that the media has the ability to help out destroy its most noticeably awful types. Along these lines, the goal of this thesis was to look at how much the broad communications as a specialized apparatus impact society’s discernment on organizations engaged with kid work. This was finished by utilizing subjective examination techniques as six individual top to bottom meetings and two center gatherings comprised of three kids in each. The motivation behind which to answer the more profound, all the more testing inquiries of; (1) If media introduction to the issue of kid work impacts the public’s supposition on the organizations in question; (2) What industry has the most elevated perceivability in the media and (3) Is it imperative to buyers whether an organization rehearses Corporate Social Responsibility. The finding uncovered that media introduction to the issue of kid work did in actuality impact how they saw the organizations that were being named. Moreover, that the business that the respondents saw as being progressively obvious in the media was that of retail. Finally, it was critical to them for organizations to act morally. The ramifications of this exposition is that it uncovers the little force one individual has on affecting the acts of an organization as regardless of the compassion that one feels elective picks are not promptly accessible. In any case, this exposition for organizations should stress them as a similar manner by which uproars broke out after Primark’s embarrassment was communicated the equivalent could go with the same pattern. Be that as it may, this paper goes further to show organizations that it need not be hard or costly to actualize best practice technique to guarantee that no place in their gracefully chain is an organization that is related with youngster work. Corporate correspondence includes a number

One to one communication interaction Essay Example for Free

Balanced correspondence communication Essay In this movement, I will do two associations, one with an individual and one with a gathering of administration clients. For my individual cooperation I have decided to work with an assistance client from my work environment. I am a social coach working with hard of hearing and visually impaired grown-ups. I will take an action with a gathering of small kids in a nearby school for my gathering association. After these cooperations have occurred, I will take a gander at and talk about the sorts of relational abilities appeared, and I will likewise depict the relational connection that happened. Correspondence with others includes a procedure that a large portion of us underestimate. We have to pass data utilizing a type of code starting with one individual then onto the next. A code is a correspondence framework, which contains components, which all people will comprehend. This could be verbal, non-verbal for example non-verbal communication, Braille, gesture based communication, composing, pictures or even music to pass on a message (CCMS, 2006). We have to communicate our considerations to someone else utilizing techniques for correspondence. The other individual contemplates our correspondence and reacts. We at that point check the reaction, regardless of whether the correspondence has been accurately deciphered, and if not we have to explain our correspondence. Gerard Egan (1986) states that the objective of listening is understanding. (Moonie, 2005) see more:describe the effect the practices of carers and others may have on a person with dementia I had decided to work with a male assistance client, an occupant at my working environment. I will allude to this administration client as Mr An all through this report, to secure his character. This is significant, as privacy is a fundamental human right. Law ensures classification through the Data Protection Act 1988, and the Freedom of Information Act 2000. Keeping up privacy additionally shapes some portion of the Care Standards Act 2000, and staff in wellbeing and social consideration are relied upon to work inside the limits of classification. Before I embraced my individual collaboration, I thought about to how I could get however much discussion as could reasonably be expected. Mr A has extremely constrained sight and great hearing. He has a couple of glasses yet doesn't prefer to wear them. He additionally has learning inabilities, which makes his capacity to react verbally very troublesome. As I probably am aware Mr A well, I will utilize casual discussion, likewise a conventional meeting would not be suitable because of Mr As conversational aptitudes. Casual is characterized as without function or convention; loose and agreeable. (Chambers, 2007) Taking this into account I thought of a couple of inquiries, which would be simple for him to react to. I had open inquiries in my mind, for example, what are you doing today what might you like for breakfast and how was your night. Utilizing open inquiries, I would have liked to empower discussion and collaboration between us. Shut inquiries, which just require a yes or no answer, would not be gainful to this movement, anyway because of Mr As handicaps I may need to utilize shut inquiries on occasion. As I have worked with Mr A for a long time, I as of now have a decent connection with him. Mr A requires a ton of help with his own needs, however prefers to be as autonomous as could be expected under the circumstances. Conversing with other staff, perusing Mr As care plan and perceptions I have made during the time I have worked with Mr A has permitted me to develop a decent connection with him, and information on how he gets a kick out of the chance to convey. I realize when to offer help, and Mr A seems to like me. Mr A makes it very clear when he is despondent by yelling. On Tuesday nineteenth December 2006 at 9am I went to my work environment. The climate was dull and cold outside. Mr A was sat in his typical seat in the lounge. He had his arms loose close by, and one knee over the other. There was one other help client in the room, and the radio was on low. The radio is consistently on for Mr A; he gets a kick out of the chance to tune in to either the radio or the TV consistently. Another individual from staff was likewise in the family room reviewing paper work. The temperature was warm, the room was sufficiently bright however not very splendid and the environment was quiet. Mr A seemed loose. My non-verbal communication was loose, and I grinned and said great morning to Mr An, and he said no doubt accordingly. He rearranged around in his seat at little as he addressed me. I sat in a seat in closeness to Mr A with the goal that he would have the option to hear me plainly over any foundation commotion, and know where I was area to him as he has extremely constrained sight. Mr A requirements a ton of help with his needs, and he is OK with carers in his own space. I sat loose, with my body turned towards Mr A, my arms inclining over my knees. I ensured I took a gander at Mr A so when I addressed him he would realize I was looking as could reasonably be expected. Mr A doesn't look at anyone, he will in general look down towards his knees and once in a while gaze upward towards the focal point of the room. In spite of the fact that Mr A was not looking at me, I felt it imperative to keep in touch, as I might have the option to figure his musings and sentiments by seeing his eyes. Mr A settled go into his seat and his body act was loose. With my voice at a quiet moderate pitch I said who is it Mr A, Mr A said Sarah been on days excessively long. This is a warm term for Mr A. I reacted with yes I think it is time I had an occasion and Mr A giggled and said its time you did. I chuckled with Mr A to show I discovered his comment entertaining. He rearranged around a little in his seat once more. I kept on conversing with Mr An of every a fluctuating tone to guarantee my voice sent a well disposed message. I asked Mr A how he was feeling today and he said better believe it. I inquired as to whether he was feeling inadequately and he said didnt state that, so I inquired as to whether he was feeling great. Mr A reacted no doubt. By keeping in touch and looking intrigued, I guaranteed Mr A that I was effectively tuning in. Mr As responsive language is excellent anyway his expressive language is exceptionally constrained. So as to discover something from Mr An I need to explain what it is I need to know. By inquiring as to whether he felt ineffectively or well first I knew as a matter of fact that Mr A would react didnt express that to an inappropriate one. I reworded what I had asked, pondering back the inquiry to guarantee I had comprehended what Mr A was letting me know. I contacted Mr An on the arm and disclosed to him that I was satisfied he felt well. I felt contact was fitting in this occurrence, anyway I perceive this isn't generally the situation. I inquired as to whether he might want some morning meal, and he reacted no doubt. He got up from the seat and advanced toward the feasting table. Mr An is truly adept at discovering his way around the house and doesn't care for being guided. By holding off on interceding until Mr A requests help, I am engaging him. This gives Mr An a sentiment of certainty and higher confidence. He plunked down in his typical spot. I inquired as to whether it was alright to put a cover on him, he reacted no doubt and lifted his arms up so I could tie the cover. It is critical to offer decision to Mr An as this enables him further. Mr A has muscle wastage in his correct arm and has almost no utilization of it. He eats well out of a uniquely structured bowl and an uncommon spoon utilizing his left hand. Mr A can't place grain or milk into the bowl himself, or to spread toast or make drinks. He expects somebody to do this for him. I asked Mr A what he might want for breakfast. Mr A reacted very little. This is a common reaction so I asked whether he might want Weetabix or Shreddies. This again guaranteed Mr A had a decision. Mr An addressed Weetabix. Mr A will regularly duplicate the exact opposite thing an individual says, so I support his reactions by saying the grain he has each morning first. After Mr A had completed his Weetabix I inquired as to whether he might want any toast and he said definitely. I at that point inquired as to whether he might want marmite on his toast. Mr A reacted didnt state that and rearranged around in his seat, showing to me that he was troubled. His non-verbal communication got protective as he got some distance from me. With my voice at a quiet moderate pitch I inquired as to whether he might want jam on his toast (which he generally has) and Mr A said definitely. I utilized this manner of speaking to quiet the circumstance. Mr An at that point loose and turned around towards the sound of my voice. The inquiries utilized now were shut in light of the fact that I realize that Mr A has minimal expressive language so now and again this is unavoidable. I figured I would offer Mr An a beverage now so I asked him what he might want to drink. Mr An addressed tea, so I proceeded to make him some tea. After he had completed the tea he stood up and advanced toward the kitchen with his cup. He evacuated his cover and held it out to me. I asked Mr A what he needed me to do with the cover and he reacted junk so I took the cover and tossed it in the container. Mr An at that point advanced back to his seat in the parlor. He plunked down and folded his legs, tapping his foot to the tune on the radio. I sat down in the seat near Mr An, again with my body pose loose. I inquired as to whether I could kill the radio and talk. Mr As muscle tone got unbending and he began yelling that is inept once again and over once more. I held up a second until he quieted down and quit yelling, and afterward, utilizing a quiet, calm manner of speaking, I said we can chat with the radio on low and Mr A reacted better believe it. I asked Mr A what he had done the previous night. Mr A didn't react, so I held up a couple of seconds before I inquired as to whether he had been occupied yesterday after tea. Mr A said very little. I inquired as to whether he had been out and he said no. I inquired as to whether he had tuned in to the TV or the radio, Mr An addressed TV times which implies he tuned in to the TV. Mr A was rearranging delicately in his seat as he addressed me and he appeared to be loose. He uncrossed his legs and crossed them the other way so he was looking towards me considerably more. I was still sat in the equivalent loosened up position, with my arms laying on my knees, turned towards Mr A however much as could reasonably be expected. I asked Mr A what he would do today, again Mr A reacted no

Transgendered' honesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Transgendered' genuineness - Essay Example In this way, the paper sets up a conversation that looks to decide if transpeople are abused in the general public, and the idea of mistreatment. It will likewise offer proposals on how the issue of abuse to the transpeople ought to be unraveled, and react to rationalists, for example, Talia Bettecher, corresponding to the presence of transphobia. Then again, the term transsexual is a term alluding to the individual utilizing hormonal and careful mastery to change their body in a manner deciphered as chances with sex task of birth, and might be promptly justifiable in states of the traditional feelings of sexed bodies. This term has been customarily identified with a mental conviction like sexual orientation dysphoria, and it is related by the idea of being caught in an inappropriate body however it is redeployed in manners that are managable to transgender. The term transsexual identifies with a profound conviction that sexual orientation distinguishes a match of the appearance or l ife systems, which they want to present to the world in an alternate sex to the one appointed at during birth. This is a condition that is alluded to as dysphoria, whereby individuals experiences hormone treatment dependent on the birth sexual orientation and the sex they are eager to secure, and others experience medical procedure so as to adjust to their sex character. Transsexualism has been an old piece of the human experience, and it isn't viewed as a clinical disease or a psychological issue since it is a craving to adjust the declaration of sex personality (Bettcher, 46). Individuals have the privileges of communicating their sex through changes in their physical appearance, which involve hormones and reconstructive medical procedure. Accordingly, there is huge trouble experienced by those, who are denied the rights to practice authority over their body as far as communicating their sex, through availability of clinical administrations. Actually, they experience the ill effec ts of decrease of the social financial and sexual capacity limit; in this way, they medicinal services suppliers occupied with transsexual administrations should charge a sensible expense for these administrations. Moreover, there is a type of segregation related with arrangement of sex reassignment administrations, which depend on sexual direction, conjugal status and physical appearance of patients. Transphobia is a term alluding to the dread of transpeople, and the contrary perspectives, which identifies with contempt, despising, rage, moral irateness that is harbored towards Transpeople as a result of sex institution. By the by, these perspectives are ascribed to viciousness against Transpeople, and this is obvious through fourteen killings of transpeople announced during 2003 in United States and thirty eights in different spots of the world; in this way, there is a consistency of high degree according to transphobic maltreatment against transpeople, whereby 80% of revealed cas es, 30% is physical attack. Transpeople have been exposed to a type of abuse about their protection and respect, in a circumstance where they are included as casualties of wrongdoing in an arraignment. For example, the reports made show that casualties of physical transphobic loathe violations abstain from uncovering themselves as trans through the idea of the wrongdoing. In addition, there is dread related with living with neighbors, bosses, network, when they have for all time picked up their sexual orientation job, because of the odds of being found as trans. For this situation, the dread of being

Personal Evaluation Essay - 825 Words

Personal Evaluation Essay (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Instructor:Date:Personal Evaluation Perhaps, the most interesting thing about me is that I always keep a small camera with me. Sometimes swinging on my hand or at other times carried inside my hip pockets, this may be mistaken as show off. However, I find myself completely absorbed with this behavior and I cant stop. I am an avid artist who prefers to see the world through the lenses of my camera. I am inspired by the beauty and magnificence of the world geographical features as well as the people. I take pictures, not for a living, but because I am passionate and enthusiastic to pictures. I take pictures every now and then, both in doors and outdoors. I love the click of the aperture as the shutter opens up to allow light in and closes to capture the image. The clicking sound is so rhythmical to my ears that sometimes in my dreams at night; I nod my head to imaginary melodic tunes of the camera. So appetizing is the clicking sound to my ears that I think I would go deaf if I failed to hear this click. Apart from taking pictures of the earths geography, I enjoy taking snapshots of funny situations as well as capture phenomenal moments. For instance, more often than not, I have taken photos of chirping birds on a tree feeding their offspring. Such photos capture moments of tender care, love and nurturing.Taking pictures inspires me because the camera helps me capture exact and accurate emotions. For instance, a photo of children playing in a park reveals vividly the melodramatic, joyful, free flowing and contagious happiness. In addition, the serenity of the atmosphere is vividly captured and brought out clearly just as an author of a captivating book delivers the storyline. Such photos taken in a windy and stormy background as revealed by the violent swaying of objects such as trees communicates unmistakably of the violent and rush forces of nature. However, a picture of a relaxed and satisfied baby comfortably laid to sleep under a tree reflects a serene, calm and stable weather. This communicates clearly of a laid back and relaxed state of the forces of nature.Still, taking pictures communicates a definite message. For instance, a series or sequence of photos snapped progressively or continuously communicate a certain trend or pattern. This creates a progressive capture of events as they unfolded. In case of a head on collision accident, a series of pictures ...

An Invasive Point Of View - 2925 Words

Sophie Hamann BOT 1 Term Paper 11/7/14 An Invasive Point of View Day to day, we are faced with perpetual decisions based on practical criteria. They have become so engrained within our regular schedule that we may not even think about the consequences. The automatic movements that we go through each day usually don’t require a major ethical decision. However, when they do, values, world views and personal interest are all considered. The decision making process is very often initiated with a world-view, or with some sort of bias. The outcome is based on one’s understanding of the facts, or even based on one’s upbringing. Environmental ethics often come into play when considering invasive species. On a global scale, we live in a high array of technological advances in transportation. We are able to travel across vast distances that open pathways for ourselves and exotic plant hitch hikers. The more we travel, the more species we transport. The issue arises of whether or not this is a natural process in which nature should be ab le to take its course. When considering this, multiple perspectives are formed in the process. Some intend to take advantage of this resource, while others aim to eradicate the entire non-native population. While many people understand that an invasive species has the potential of being harmful, they still intend to let nature run its course. Therefore, it is important to understand all perspectives that factor into the decision making processShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Non Invasive Measurement Techniques913 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscomfort and inconvenience in the current invasive method have led to the feasibility study of non-invasive measurement techniques. In this paper, an optical method using NIR technique based on occlusion spectroscopy is used which shows that it can be possible to measure glucose concentration in blood non-invasively. Keywords: Non-invasive, spectroscopy, euglycemia, hypoglycaemia. By using the Monte Carlo method, Katsuhiko et al. (2003) has developed a non-invasive system using near infrared [4]. To detectRead MoreBrain Computer Interfaces1205 Words   |  5 Pagescan involve invasive and risky surgery, and future forms will likely create social imbalances, and may provide opportunity for hacking and dangerously powerful advertising if not developed safely (Abdulkader, S 2015; Lance, B et al 2012; Urban, T 2017). Various different BCIs have been developed, for different purposes. They fall into two categories – invasive BCIs, which must be implanted through surgery, and non-invasive BCIs, which can be used externally and temporarily. Non-invasive BCIs are generallyRead MoreThe Word Arthroscopy Is Derived From The Greek Words1466 Words   |  6 Pagescamera, called an arthroscope, is inserted into the joint capsule through small incisions on either side of the injured joint being examined (Arthroscopy Definition). The images on the camera are then projected onto a screen that allows the surgeon to view the damaged tissues in the body. Arthroscopy can be used in multiple joints inside the human body including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. Arthroscopes can range in size from the width of a pencil to half a millimeter in diameterRead MoreThe Pregnancy Of A Foetus Diagnosed With Down Syndrome1610 Words   |  7 Pagestest are considered as â€Å"invasive† and mo re dangerous than screening tests (Department of Health, 2011). Therefore, the mothers are not advised to take diagnostic test unless their screening test shows that their unborn is at high risk of DS. The ethics of prenatal testing are often questioned in many aspects. Gates (1993) suggested that some people argue the foetus is an individual in its own right. The decision making process can not solely rely on the parents’ point of view because the foetus isRead MoreExotic Pets Are Unique And Unusual Pets1680 Words   |  7 Pagestime comes, releasing their pets into the wild seems the easiest option. But its not, its the worst way to rid of the animal. For example, the Burmese Python which is one of the largest snakes in the world. The python has been the number one most invasive species in Florida since the 1980s. It is believed that the first few pythons to be released were pets that were let go because they became too big to handle. Researchers say that pythons are responsible for the decline in bobcats, rabbits and opossumsRead MoreEffect Of Fishing On The New Foundland Area865 Words   |  4 Pagescould be implanted to the effects of over fishing in the New Foundland area. 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A cardiologist can use the cardiac catheterization lab for invasive techniques (skin is pierced) such as: an angiogram or intravascular ultrasound (Libby, et al., 2008). The cardiologist can also exercise noninvasive methods (skin is not penetrated): echocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), exercise/pharmacologic stress test, nuclear imaging, and radiographicRead MoreLicensing Parenthood797 Words   |  4 Pagesit is caught after the child is born. This would once again come under fire from the human rights sector. Another option could be forced sterilization in a method that could be reversible once licensing is achieved, however that would require an invasive procedure. There are also many arguments that can be made for requiring a licensing in order to become a parent. We see evidence nearly every day in the news about the extremes of bad parenting. Caylee Anthony and Jonbenet Ramsey are only two

The Socio Political Conditions Of Modernity - 1377 Words

The Socio-Political Conditions of Modernity in Poetry In modern era poetry, poets write about social subjects as opposed to outdated topics. They do not write on the subject of trees, river, cattle, and other natural resources. Their poems are now a reflection of the times, referring to the essence of machines and their effects on the society. Outdated poetry would not be able to exist in today’s busy world if the topics were not updated. Walt Whitman s I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes â€Å"Let America Be America Again† attract readers by paying close attention to social advancement. Whitman and Hughes are two modern poets that play an important role by sharing their knowledge on their methods of changing traditional thoughts. Whitman and Hughes poems serve as a guideline for society, focusing on social equality, advancement of society, and a new society based on new ideas and a new plan. Whitman s I Hear America Singing† speaks about Americans joining together to work for future development. Americans are depicted as having varying occupations, and singing different songs in their various languages. Their professions enable them to develop the country by modernizing its general condition. They work shoulder to shoulder as a strong and united group, expanding both production and industry. This expansion is an essential element for development. By developing industry and production, positive changes are being made in their lifestyles. Their attitudes andShow MoreRelatedWalt Whitman s View On The Socio Political Conditions Of Modernity1685 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Whitman’s and Langston Hughes’s view on the socio-political conditions of modernity What is a modern poem? What modern poets write in a society that is running very fast through the latest technologies? In a machinery time, modern poets write in new manner with new social subjects. They just cannot write about trees, river, cattle, and other natural resources. Their poems are now soak up with the essences of machines, and their effects on the society. Otherwise modern poetry cannot exit in today’sRead MoreA New Age Of Post Modernity Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages Modernity Describe the main features of the shift from modernity to postmodernity Post modernity or post modernism as coined during the counter culture era of the 1960s and 70s has been highly contestant, ever since it was first used describe the death of modern architecture and art during the same period. It is this debate of being in a state of modernity or post modernity that will lead me to describe the shifts in cultural, economic and political views and valuesRead MoreThe Islamic Movement Of The United States And Western Countries Essay1870 Words   |  8 Pagesinterpretations about the role of Islam in the modern world. 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Cities are conceived upon diversity – encountering individuals with different believes and points of view, coming from very different backgrounds one has a chance to testRead MoreModernity And Emergence Of Modern Social Institutions Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesModernity It is known that family as a social institution is a part of the whole society and they both related to each other so any change in one will cause impact and influence both of them. â€Å"modernity† According to Giddens, indicates to â€Å"modes of social life or organization which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence† (Giddens, 1990:1). There are different explanation and interpretation of the processes

Slumdog Millionaire Cultural Issues Essay Example For Students

Slumdog Millionaire Cultural Issues Essay | Slumdog Millionaire| || 02 102010| Slumdog Millionaire. Dir. Danny Boyle. Co-Dir: India. Loveleen Tandan. Perf. Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Madhur Mittal, Anil Kapoor Ayush, Mahesh Khedekar, Tanay Chheda, Rubina Ali, Tanvi Ganesh Lonkar, Azharuddin Mohammed Ismail, Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala Distributor, United Kingdom: Pathe Pictures 2008 United States/Canada: Fox Searchlight PicturesWarner Bros. Pictures 2008 Australia: Icon Film Distrubution 2009 â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire†, a film set in the Twenty-first century of modern day India, is a great case for the Cultural and Economic Globalization theory. This movie has at its core a western influence and a quest for freedom through economic empowerment (capitalism), utilizing the love of western culture and modern technology. The film has as its central character a young Indian man name Jamal Malik, who was born into misfortune, which is to say he was born into absolute poverty. He was an orphan, and he was from the slums of Mumbai. He grew up with his older brother, Salim, who was both his guardian/protector and antagonist; and having a relationship since childhood with another orphaned child, a girl named Latika. Jamal, had no education and worked in a call center serving tea. However, his resourcefulness and street smarts helped him to adapt to his ever challenging environment and navigate his way through his very difficult life. According to India’s traditional (albeit disappearing) caste system, he is expected to remain in abject poverty until death. This young Indian mans life was forever altered by western culture and technology, through the popular Indian version of the American Television show â€Å"Who Wants to be a Millionaire†. With the whole nation watching, he is just one question away from winning a staggering 20 million rupees. But when the show breaks for the night, police arrest him on suspicion of cheating. Throughout the film, the young man is constantly exposed directly or indirectly to western culture (American and European Tourists, Western Currency, even European Literature â€Å"The Three Musketeers†) which brought with them valuable life lessons, and provided the answers to many of the questions which he had to answer correctly, to win the game show challenge and become a millionaire. The police inspector shows the videotape and after each question, Jamal recalls parts of his childhood with his brother Salim, his crush for Latika and their fight to survive on the streets to justify each correct answer, guided by his common sense and past experience, and prove his innocence. Ironically, but consistent with globalization the winning question which brought the young Jamal his fortune and changed his financial standing in society. The question from western literature about the â€Å"Three Musketeers†, penned by French writer Alexander Dumas. High Context Communication The film depicts cultural bias but the message that is communicated is high context communication because it is understood between both parties. India’s characteristics reveal the social practices of the cultural systems. Because their communication takes place in a long term relationship between two people who are often able to interpret even the slightest gesture or briefest comment. The message does not need to be stated explicitly because it is carried in the shared understanding about the relationships. Jamal was an office jockey or coffee runner, yet he worked in a call center, which handled calls from all over the world. The young man Jamal, because of his social-economic standing, was thought to have cheated when he answered the questions correctly. It was believed that this lower class Indian (â€Å"A Chia-wallah Slumdog†), should not have been able to answer such questions because they were not relevant to his world. He was from the streets or slums of Mumbai. The questions could only have been answered correctly by a better educated more widely exposed (middle or upper-class) Indian. .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .postImageUrl , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:hover , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:visited , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:active { border:0!important; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:active , .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3 .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8a9d477b88133e169ff05517650ef6a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Martha Stewart Living : Advertisement Analysis EssayThis was apparent in the way the game show host taunted and mistreated the young contestant, humiliating him and talking to him in a very inferior and condescending manner. However, in a very specific setting: the angry police inspector, when he is violently interrogating Jamal, whom he suspects of cheating on the â€Å"Who Wants to be a Millionaire† show states, â€Å"What can a slumdog possibly know? † At this point in the movie, the inspector is the antagonist and certainly not a character with whom we are expected to agree with. By the end of the movie, the inspector has changed his attitude toward Jamal completely. He believes him, sets him free and roots for him to win. For example, as mentioned earlier, the caste system is one which is very prejudicial and oppressive to a certain class of Indian people. Collectivism The challenges which Jamal faced, in some ways is familiar to most of us, but in other ways it is very far from our reality. The children in this movie were family, although they were abandoned and left alone to provide for themselves, they were apart of a bigger family which was the slumdog community. When Jamal and his brother went to school the teacher taught them about the Three Musketeer’s which symbolize collectivism because they represent â€Å"all for one and one for all†. Jamal invited Latika to come and stay with him and Salim because he recognizes that she was a slumdog and she was alone like them, and all slumdogs stick together. When Jamal won the game, he just didn’t win it for him self, he won it for the whole slumdog community. He showed everyone that has a higher rank in the caste system that is doesn’t matter where you come from, you can still gain knowledge. Cultural Patterns They suffered great abuses because they were a part of the lower caste. Everyone who was higher in the caste system had the right to abuse you, simply because you were a slumdog. In the movie the police constantly abused and tramatised the slumdogs. Because the Indian police can not imagine that a kid from the slums could have the intelligence to answer the questions correctly. And why should he? His entire background is one of hard work, no education and nightmarish conditions that are unbearably and sadly true for so many of India’s children at the lowest caste level. If you were a pretty girl from the slumdog community you could be used to entertain men for money (prostitution, belly-dancing, singing, etc. ). In the Indian culture, generally the age threshold for womanhood is much younger than it is in the western culture. In the movie they washed their clothes and played in the same water because as a slumdog it didn’t matter to them. Cultural Biases The cultural bias in this movie was when the Hindis went to fight the Muslims. When this occurred, the cultural riot killed Jamal’s mother. This is what left a lot of children homeless and without parents. In the beginning the studio audience had a bad view of Jamal because he was a slumdog, but as he began to answer questions correctly the audience changed their view of him. The questions that were ask on the game show were cultural bias because they were a part of the western culture, for instance when the host ask him about what was on the face of the hundred dollar bill, he learned it from a blind boy that he knew. The only reason the host asked him those questions was because he thought that Jamal shouldn’t know the answer because he was a slumdog from India.

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Example

Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay Essay Robert Lee Frost, named after his male parents idol Robert E. Lee, was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. He was born to William Prescott Frost Junior and Isabelle Moodie Frost. William and Isabelle had met while working as instructors to a little school in Lewiston, Pennsylvania. The two were married March 18, 1875 and settled in San Francisco, California. William was a journalist, unsuccessful politician, and teacher while Isabelle was besides teacher. Isabelle was an immigrant of Scots line of descent while William was descended from New England lineage. William s male parent, Robert Lee Frost s gramps, was Nicholas Frost who had come to New Hampshire on board the Wolfana from Tiverton, Devon, England in 1634. William was the eldest of the twosome who gave birth to his younger sister, Jeanie, two old ages subsequently. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Lee Frost Was An American Poet English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although satisfied with their little household, multiple complications, both physical and emotional began to strive Isabelle and William s matrimony. William was an bizarre alky with really eccentric inclinations and curious penchants. He was a loud, authoritarian journalist who ever carried a rifle ; it was noted that he besides kept an obscene jar of pickled bull testiss in apparent position on his work desk. Frost s female parent was the polar antonym of her hubby but non in a positive facet. Isabelle was an improbably soft spoken adult female who was invariably combating her overpowering depression. The twosome s different personalities caused much nervous tenseness and strife during their old ages of matrimony. These contentions in their matrimony caused an addition in William s already inordinate intoxicants intake which led to his unfortunate decease in 1885 from TB when Robert was twelve. William had stated, prior to his ill-timed decease that he wished to be buried in his pl ace of birth of Massachusetts. Wishing to carry through his concluding petitions, Isabelle moved with Robert and Jeanie across the provinces and settled in her late hubby s hometown of Lawrence, Massachusetts with his parents. After paying off her late hubby s debts and traveling in with his parents, Isabelle began learning in-between school in Salem, New Hampshire. Robert and Jeanie were pupils at the in-between school where their female parent educated. The household adjusted appropriately to their different life. Isabelle and Robert even became a member of the Swedenborgian church although the latter left as an grownup. It was around this clip that Robert discovered his abilities as a author. While go toing Lawrence High School, Robert promoted his first two efforts at literature in the school newssheet. Although non widely reviewed, his two verse forms provided a foundation to his hereafter in literature. In 1892, Robert graduated from Lawrence High School as co-valedictorian to his schoolmate Elinor White. Robert registered for Dartmouth College after graduating from Lawrence High School. Robert s college experience was stopped suddenly after less than a semester when he un-enrolled to happen work elsewhere. Queerly, he was enrolled long plenty to be accepted into Theta Delta Chi fraternity. After his un-enrollment, he found income in making many little occupations. He began working as a newspaper bringing male child, a light bulb fibril modifier, a labour mill worker, and as a instructor at the school where his female parent taught. Although these occupations brought in a little beginning of income, they left him experiencing unrealized. Robert knew that his true passion was in his poesy. Robert was non merely unsuccessful in his poetic ends, but he was non making really good romantically either. Ever since their graduation in 1892, Robert had been seeking to capture fellow co-valedictorian Elinor White. Although Robert was really sincere in his love he was still rejected by Elinor. On one case he had tried to win her over by offering her a book of his poesy. She was evidently non really impressed because she turned him down one time once more. Feeling burdened by his occupation loss, college ejection, and romantic failures Robert was surrounded by wretchedness. He had been unsuccessful at printing any nice poesy. Besides he was still unable to obtain the love of Elinor White. Recognizing at that place was non much for him in his current state of affairs he strove to do a alteration. He packed a few minor necessities and took a trip down south to Dismal Swamp located around the North Carolina-Virginia country. Dismal Swamp, despite its rugged home ground and unwelcoming name, was a often visited by a assortment of people. Many poets would see this topographic point for thoughts in order to do poetry bosom interruption and love strivings. Robert went at that place in the hopes of holding a similar experience. Originally Robert had the hopes of perpetrating self-destruction as a dramatic terminal to his life, but he was stopped by a opportunity brush. He came upon a group of duck huntsmans and exhausted clip with their group. The clip he spent with them gave him a new mentality on life. After disbursement clip with the duck huntsmans he blessed with a train ticket by his female parent and returned place. He did non enter what really happened in the swamp, but most of the events were noted in his verse form Kitty hawk . This trip to the Dismal Swamp seemed to hold had some consequence. After his return from Dismal Swamp, Robert had his first verse form published. The Independent, a New York newspaper, was the 1 who published his first piece, My Butterfly . Not merely was his professional life get downing but he was holding a better romantic life every bit good. He proposed matrimony to Elinor one time once more and this clip she accepted but she wished to acquire her grade from St. Lawrence University before matrimony. He had begun to go to Harvard University and while there he and Elinor were married December 19, 1895. For the following two old ages, he studied broad humanistic disciplines but after experiencing restless he dropped out and sought to happen a better life for him and Elinor. Prior to his decease, Robert s gramps had left an old farm for Robert in his will. The farm was located in Derry, New Hampshire and it was here where Robert and Elinor started their household.

Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations

Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations Introduction The term financial management refers to organization of monetary resources to achieve desired objectives and maximize companys worth while ensuring positive growth. This paper seeks to highlight the four elements of financial management and explain the generally acceptable accounting principles and financial ethical standards. It is evident that the need for proper financial management and adherence to sufficient financial reporting is vital for every organization irrespective of the industries in which they operate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Financial management Financial management entails planning, organizing, directing and controlling of financial processes in a firm. Financial resources in the enterprise are therefore managed using generally accepted principles to promote transparency and accountability. It takes into consideration investment decisions by defining allocation of financial resources, e.g. capital budgeting. Financial management deals with issues pertaining to raising finances or capital from a variety of sources for purposes of expansion, growth and new investments. Objectives of financial management Control and efficient allocation of resources is aimed at the following: Ensure the company invests in safe endeavors. Strike a balance in capital structure (i.e. there should be a capital balance between debt and equity). Ensure efficient use of financial resources with minimal wastage. Elements of financial management The four elements of financial management include planning, controlling, organizing (and directing) and decision making. Planning ensures that finances are available at the required time to satisfy organization needs as they arise periodically. Planning requires that the company draws up short term as well as long term needs. Short term needs include employee re munerations, payment of utilities, purchases and others. Long term needs include opening new outlets or investing in new options. Financial objectives are also defined in planning. In controlling, the immediate objective is to ensure that financial goals are being achieved. This is done to identify areas that need monitoring and attention within the organization. Controlling seeks to measure efficiency in the use of assets while determining security of these assets. It also entails examining whether all activities undertaken are as per the organizations policies and procedures. Organizing and directing involves deciding how resources will be allocated having identified the most feasible or viable investment options. Directing ensures that the results of organizing are efficient. Decision making is parallel to planning, organizing, directing and controlling. It allows organizations to choose among available investment options based on specific criteria. Decision making relies on info rmation and mostly relates to issues pertaining financing and investment (Baker Baker, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accepted financial principles and ethical standards Generally accepted accounting principles include competency, integrity, objectivity and confidentiality. Financial management calls for integrity in terms of honesty and accuracy in disclosure of financial reports. This implies that professional responsibilities must be carried out without prejudice. Confidentiality means that employees should maintain confidential information and should not disclose any information unless legally required to. Competency is with respect to professional skills and knowledge required to execute financial processes effectively. Professional duties must be executed while exercising technical, legal and regulatory measures. Furthermore, personnel must be contin uously trained to sharpen their skills in the relevant knowledge area (which is financial management). Objectivity calls for responsibility to present reports fairly and objectively while disclosing financial information fully to relevant stakeholders. Objectivity is supported by factual evidence. Financial ethical standards are vital in guarding a company from financial mismanagement issues. Independence should be observed by employees by ensuring that they are unbiased, objective and display impartiality in all forms of financial reporting. Activities undertaken must not be subjected to managerial pressures which may negatively affect financial management. Conflict of interest and dealing in deceptive investments should equally be avoided. Financial ethics calls for adherence to regulations established within the financial markets. Financial responsibilities should be carried out with diligence, care and professional competence. Examples of ethical standards of conduct (from real entities) Several companies have upheld ethical standards in their financial dealings. Lenovo is one such firm which has drafted and enforced ethics and integrity in the workplace, accuracy of business records and rules pertaining to insider trading and conflict of interest. They have defined financial obligations to comply with laws and regulations, engage in honesty in contracting, fair competition and protection of privacy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lenovo’s management reveres integrity which in turn is replicated by employees. Amazon has defined its corporate governance by incorporating aspects of insider trading, conflict of interest, record keeping, reporting and financial integrity. Microsoft has equally enforced a standard of financial ethics that ensures employees exercise integrity and compliance in their duties (Code of Conduct, 2008). Lenovo is a success story that depicts the need to incorporate financial standards in an organization for the purpose of ensuring productivity and efficiency in company processes. This provides employees with a proper understanding of the need to exercise acceptable financial ethics and follow guidelines provided in policies and procedures. As a result, the work force feels involved and growth is inevitable. Amazon’s policies reflect the need for conformity to laws and applicable rules. It ensures that internal controls within the company are consistently monitored thereby eliminating the possibility of financial disclosure issues. This ensures reporting reflects a true and fair position of the firm. Employees of Amazon cooperate with set procedures religiously. Conclusion In conclusion, organizations must work towards inculcating ethics and acceptable morals in employees to strengthen adherence to set codes of conduct. This ensures that employees exe rcise responsibility in their dealings with the company. Companies must specify codes and ethics of conduct to govern employee behavior. They should also carry out frequent compliance checks to keep financial management employees on their toes. References Baker, J. Baker, R.W. (2009). Health Care Finance. London, United Kingdom: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Code of Conduct: Ethics in our New World Company. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.lenovo.com/gb/en/about/

System analysis and method designed (MIS class report) Essay

System analysis and method designed (MIS class report) - Essay Example â€Å"In this method each step has definite opening and ending point, with particular deliveries to the subsequently phase† (Als and Greenidge). The image given below shows the details of this model. This project requires less human resource for the overall development of the project. Here through this model we can develop the overall system with a small development team. Because this model works in a sequence and second phase can only be completed after the successful completion of the first phase (Sage, Andrew and & Palmer). â€Å"The Waterfall model is the straightforward and extensively accepted/followed software development model, however like any other software development models; Waterfall model has also its disadvantages. Spiral Model for software development was developed with the purpose of conquering the disadvantages of the Waterfall Model† (Parekh). This software development methodology is composed of iterative nature of the prototyping and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model. This software development methodology provides potential for development of incremental version of the software. Through this software development methodology we can have series of incremental releases of the software system. Its early versions are designed to collect more and better requirements from the client (Pressman). The image given below shows the working of this model: This software development methodology works in small increments and evaluates toward a big and comprehensive system implementation, so this software development methodology usually requires small project development team (Sommerville). This type of software development methodology is usually implemented for the medium to large projects. Mainly this software development methodology is best for the system those are huge, complex, and all requirements are not available at the start of the project (Pressman). The better interaction among

Schizophrenia Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Schizophrenia - Article Example Positive Symptoms include delusions and hallucinations because the patient has lost touch with reality in certain important ways. Delusions cause the patient to believe that people are reading their thoughts or plotting against them, that others are secretly monitoring and threatening them, or that they can control other peoples minds. Hallucinations cause people to hear or see things that are not there. Disorganized Symptoms include confused thinking and speech, and behavior that do not make sense. For instance, people with schizophrenia sometimes have trouble communicating in coherent sentences or carrying on conversations with others; move more slowly, repeat rhythmic gestures or make movements such as walking in circles or pacing; and have difficulty making sense of everyday sights, sounds and feelings. Negative Symptoms include emotional flatness or lack of expression, an inability to start and follow through with activities, speech that is brief and lacks content, and a lack of pleasure or interest in life (NAMI, 2006). The older standard (‘Typical’) anti-psychotic drugs, though effective, are associated with a range of distressing side-effects which can result in constant twitching/fidgeting, writhing and disjointed movements. However, newer (‘Atypical’) anti-psychotic drugs are designed to offer control of symptoms and less of these disabling side-effects. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), , Schizophrenia (2006) 4 December 2006.

Carbon Emission Abatement Essay Example for Free

Carbon Emission Abatement Essay Topic: Carbon emission abatement can be achieved by various meaner, for example, regulation (controlling the emitting of carbon on the same basis as governments control other pollutants), by subsidizing consumption of renewable technologies using wind or the sun, by subsidizing non-carbon polluting technologies and by supporting research into innovative green technologies. Another way of achieving reduction in carbon emissions is a pricing scheme such as a cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme (TEST), which could exist in Australia by 2014, and China probably by 2015. Nations have also achieved reductions through energy conservation. Discuss (1) the various options available for carbon abatement, their merits and weaknesses, and (2) the role government and business have to play if the methods are to achieve their objectives. Major Assignment Tutor: Mrs. Maintained Sings Major Assignment Global warming is a complicated issue faced by leaders of today. Warnings are becoming increasingly amplified, in the wake of a realization that a disastrous future ahead because of the perpetual accumulation anthropogenic greenhouse gases ? emanating from fossil-fuel combustion and burning forests. PM Tony Blair told BBC sews that scientific evidence of global warming was overwhelming and its consequences disastrous. Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature (f the Earths atmosphere and corners in recent decades (Brakeman 2009). The Earths average near-surface atmospheric temperature increased by 0. 6 ? ± 0. 2 Celsius (1. 1 ? ± 0. 4 Fahrenheit) in the 20th century (The Universe-Galaxy-stars 2012). Global warming and climate change have already unleashed untold suffering to thousands of people across the face of the earth. Think of the millions of environmental refugees who have been forced to vacate the land of their forefathers cause of flooding. Thousands of children in Africa have been born into lives of poverty, disease and famine, resulting from shifting climatic conditions (Andorra 2011, quoted in Africa Up in Smoke, 2012, 12). In Niger for example, drought and famine claimed the lives of nearly 70 people (BBC News 2012), whilst later in the year, unexpected flooding displaced 1 50000 families, stirred up a cholera outbreak and claimed more lives. In Australia and the US, wild raging fires have destroyed the habitat of thousands of species, reducing beautiful vast carpets of green thriving tit flora and fauna; into barren lifeless stretches of sparsely vegetated, stunted and horrid landscapes with little biodiversity. Moderate to exceptional, whilst intensified convection over the Caribbean also brought heavy rains to Colombia, where flooding displaced an estimated 1. 5 million people. Thousands of pages can be authored to document the incalculable grave impacts global warming has caused to our beloved mother earth. It is even more astonishing when you realism that all this anguish has been borne by people who are now alive today. You cannot help but wonder what it shall be like in the more distant true. A continued surge in co levels for another century will see gases reach a level unheard of since millions of years ago. The consequences are anticipated to take many centuries to be fully manifested, as the Earth transforms into a new state. In the distant future, eras with high CO are anticipated where sea levels will be even higher and temperature will soar to catastrophic levels: a planet grossly unlike the one to which the human species is adapted (Conservation Foundation 1963). By now you may be wondering , what is the link between Global Warming and Carbon Emissions? After all, the essence of this account is a mere review of the various meaner by which Carbon Emissions may be reduced. Scientific research has established a link between Global Warming and Carbon Dioxide pollution. Carbon dioxide particles are capable of retaining heat energy received from the sun (Rogers 1989). The atmosphere naturally contains optimum levels of carbon dioxide, necessary to make the earth habitable (green-house effect). Human activities such as burning of forests and fossil fuels, however, further append co levels in the atmosphere to catastrophic levels which cause global warming and climate change (Munroe 2011). The author was inclined to explain the relationship between Carbon emission and Global Warming, so as to express the weight of the Carbon Reduction issue under review. Mitigating carbon emission seeks to curb Global Warming and all its adverse impacts highlighted previously. Global warming is the bigger picture beyond carbon emission. Carbon reduction methods in the discussion essentially target the sectors summarized the opposite pie-chart. Government can use regulation to reduce carbon emission levels. This is essentially a command-and-control approach, where standard minimum requirements are established and enforced by law. Such laws may target annual level of carbon emission, mandatory adoption of given forms of clean technology and production techniques. Compliance by emitters is mandatory, the failure of which is punishable by fines, public shaming, penalties, sanctions and blacklisting. (ESSAY Emission. Trading 2010). Regulation is an effective control mechanism as it covers all aspects of the global emission by sector. Regulation almost guarantees a reduction, as companies seek to and static, that it fails to allow firms to determine a cost saving approach, based on the elimination of non-value adding costs and the most efficient course of action elevate to the industry (ESSAY Emissions trading 2010). Low volume, small industries such as dry cleaners and book printers, for example; may feel aggrieved when their carbon assessment is made on the same basis as that of mega profit making high volume industries such as oil and gas extraction or car manufacturers. The smaller industries are sure to comply with the legal requirement concerning carbon emissions in the fear of being penalized substantially. The bigger industries however, may find the penalties very negligible in comparison to the high revenues they generate. This sad tale ensures that small companies remain small, whilst the bigger industries continue to grow. As mentioned by Parry (2004, 35), regulation when used to dictate capital injection towards a given technology or production technique; is criticized for being efficient than substitute alternatives available. Presently, the fines for breaking the EX. carbon law is pegged at 100 euros ($130) per metric ton (1 . 1023 tons) of carbon, for airline companies and 7 euros per metric tones for general manufacturing industries (ESSAY Emissions trading 2010). As stated by Paltrier (2010, 13), laws against the carrying out of deforestation are another form of regulation that target carbon emission reduction. Deforestation is the unwarranted cutting down of trees for logging, mining, oil and gas extraction; cattle ranching or agricultural purposes. You may have wondered, if at all any linkage exists between trees and carbon. How do laws against deforestation achieve carbon reduction? You will be glad to know that trees act as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The presence of trees creates a carbon sink which eliminates to greater extent, the excess levels of carbon. When this mechanism however is eliminated, then how will atmospheric carbon subside? The absence of trees would cause an unprecedented exponential growth in Carbon levels. However it is saddening to note that most of the damage has been done already. Did you know that between 1930 and today, Philippines has lost 90% of its rainforests, whilst Madagascar has lost 95% of its rainforests, El Salvador 70-85% of its rainforests due to heavy bombing during the civil war 1984-1985. Sumatra has only 15% of its rainforests left. It appears that substantial damage has been done already, yet still, governments cannot afford to waver in the fight to curb deforestation. It is encouraging to note that some governments have even taken a pro-active approach to not only protect their few remaining forests, but to replenish the depleted ones also. Issues of economic development hinder the effective implementation of deforestation laws. Imagine the impact of halting logging activities in Africa, which are providing employment for millions of people and putting food on the table in thousands of homes. What about the grave effect on their already beset economies; what would it mean for initiatives such as building schools, educating and empowering women on family planning and many other crucial issues? Resultantly, it is no surprise that only 6% of Central Africans forests are protected by law (Laurence et al 2006, 457). Service, to ensure efficiency and marginal carbon emission from the combustion of fuel. Other regulations, such as the U. S Lacey Act 1968, bar the trade of wooden products across international boundaries. The role of government is to provide adequate funding for the effective implementation of these laws and of course to enact the legislation to curb carbon emission (Greenback 2011). Another way of reducing carbon emission as stated by Festoon (10, 4) is the rewarding of development of renewable technologies using wind or the solar energy. The truth of the matter is that, it is relatively costlier in the early years to develop clean technologies. Setup costs are high and most companies are discouraged. However, rewarding the development and use of such technologies would provide incentive for companies to partake. Such reward can be in the form of government subsidy to lower acquisition costs of setup material, the provision of expert engineers to assist in the setup activity, offering loans to clean technology development projects as well as a mere sign of recognition and appreciation. The government will obviously need to cater for these requirements in its national budget. The government is also tasked with rendering support for research into innovative green technologies. The subsidy approach is highly viable as it provides incentive for businesses to develop cleaner technologies, whilst the companys liquidity and cash flow remain relatively unaltered. This entails that companies will continue to enjoy healthy profits whilst, developing cleaner technologies concurrently, or in the case of government loans; spreading the cost of the financing activity which will be eventually offset by rower operating costs in the long run. This approach also ensures a healthy mutually beneficial relationship between the government and business. One drawback however, is that once companies attain such loans, they may not be used entirely to serve the purpose of clean technology development. In Zanzibar, for example, cases have been recorded whereby; some farmers misused loans rendered to them by the Ministry of Agriculture through Agro-Bank, for the purpose of developing wind vanes (Mutagen 2012). Furthermore, resources are not always sufficient enough to provide for this cause. Carbon emission may also be reduced through a federally-imposed carbon tax (Ovenbird 1997). The main idea is that government can use the surplus tax revenue to finance subsidies in the development of selected low-carbon technologies. The chances of any government imposing a new tax however, is somewhere between zero and nil. If carbon is taxed, this will significantly decrease annual profits, repel investors and cause economic recession. The successful imposition of carbon tax would entail that governments possess a whole new pool of subsidy revenue to distribute to industry. Will the tax revenue be used to provide subsidies for clean genealogy development? If at all subsidies are indeed issued, would you trust that they will award them to the right companies, foot the right reason? It is a really a be the most effective strategy? Naked (2003:11) revealed that in Japan, a carbon tax rate of $2. 0/mm Btu case produced an emission rate of 324 mm ETC in the year 2040, attaining a 23% reduction in the emission rate. Without carbon tax imposition however, CO emission in 2040 would be 420 mm ETC (2003) . Without tax return in this case, CO emission rises to 332 mm ETC, producing an 8 mm ETC production compared with the tax return case. Clearly carbon tax, though controversial, can bring the results. Pricing schemes such like the cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme (TEST) can reduce co (Hessian 14,349). The role of government in this case is to set the ground rules. Its role is restricted, and major decisions are made in the private sector. The government establishes an overall emissions cap and assigns specific emissions allocations to the different sources of CO. Industries and companies are free to decide as to what to do or how to meet their allocations. The government needs to engage experts of industry, to come up with a reasonable maximum amount f carbon emission for various respective industries. Furthermore, the government is tasked with providing an accurate and reliable meaner of carbon emission measurement. Furthermore, there is also need to engage with other relevant bodies such as the EX., AU or SEAN. In the case of the European Union member countries for example, governments ought to work together in the implementation of cap-and- trade schemes. The two vital components of cap-and-trade schemes is the cap itself, and its flexibility that allows companies to exchange emissions warrants. The cap is perimeter of carbon emissions imposed by the TEST. The cap is attained by the creation of emissions permits, supplemented by a business requirement for emitters to yield the amount of permits equivalent to their carbon emissions, traditionally on an annual basis. Under an TEST any firm emitting carbon under the permissible perimeter may retain permits equivalent to the amount of its carbon emission, whilst the excess permits may be sold. Presently, carbon permits can be traded at 7 euros a metric ton. Permit price fluctuates according to market volatility, whilst the cap (maximum permissible amount of carbon emission) is fixed. The buying and selling of carbon remits is the second vital aspect of cap-and-trade schemes. One major advantage is that companies can implement carbon abatement at a lower cost than compared to the permit price for excess emissions. This ensures that companies will purchase permits, only when the cost of reducing its emissions surpasses that the purchasing price of permits. Emissions reductions will therefore be attained at the lowest cost to the economy and society at large. Other advantages include the following; predictable annual carbon emissions which allow for economic and carbon forecasting, relatively lesser political barriers than a tax, government can generate venue which can be reinvested through rebates or utilized to provide public goods such as roads and street lighting and companies generate revenue as carbon emissions decline. Cap-and-trade successfully reduced the sulfur oxide emissions that cause acid rain, quickly and cheaply (Roberts 2012) Critics argue that, whilst total carbon emissions are capped the monetary worth thereof remains unspecified as it is determined by several market variables. This meaner that some economic conditions result in a marginal price for permits, which does not provide sufficient incentive for companies to limit their carbon emissions ND sell the excess permits. Another scenario may also occur, where, the market conditions result in a very high price which exceeds that of reducing carbon emissions. The scope and manner of price setting may also result in too many permits may be issued which gives rise to other market imperfections. Industrial nations must reduce their dependence on fossil fuels such as gasoline, oil, and coal as they produce carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas that causes global- warming. Industrial countries are liable for most of the worldwide carbon emissions. These countries however, are capable of switching to cutting-edge energy saving cosmologies that produce marginal carbon emissions. Clean, renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro-electricity, can generate sufficient energy without increasing carbon emission (Blackmore 1998). Such technologies need to be deployed much more widely, whilst government policies must encourage their use. Investment should also be directed towards developing and commercialisms clean technologies. The Australian Government for example, invested more than $5 billion in clean energy technologies development since 2000. Such technologies are vital efforts to reduce carbon emissions. (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) As stated by Dawson (1987,16), transferring Clean Technology to Developing Countries is also necessary for carbon reduction. Leading businesses, international organizations, and the Medics ought to devise a meaner to transfer energy saving technologies to Leads. This enables Leads to develop their economies without using environmentally unfriendly fossil fuel technologies which the Medics are now striving to phase out. As pollution knows no boundaries, it is vital for all world governments to reduce carbon emission. However, this creates a dependency syndrome, where poor countries over-rely on richer countries. African leaders for example, have been criticized for living lavishly, yet failing to bring about economic growth in their countries, which leaves their citizens to survive on donations from Medics and Nos. The government must also initiate behavior change. This can be done through awareness campaigns, media advertising as well as communicated in schools and work places. Did you know that cars, trucks, and buses consume over half of the oil consumed in the United States (Wellhead 2010)? Imagine the impact of substituting traditional vehicles with energy efficient gasoline-powered cars, electric and fuel-cell ears and buses. These measures will lessen CO emissions by using less gasoline. In addition, campaigns may also encourage consumers to make less trips (encourage walking for small errands), use of public transportation, bicycles, and carpools. If we use less energy, less carbon dioxide is produced. Over the past two decades, American industry and consumers started using more-efficient motors, vehicles, appliances, windows, and manufacturing processes. Vast amounts energy and money promote energy efficient products. (Graph showing natural gas reduction of oil reliance- Centre for American Progress 2012) Governments must also slow down population growth, through awareness, family planning, women emancipation and free distribution of contraceptives. Whilst all the aforementioned technological and economic changes can reduce per capita carbon emissions, persistent large population increases will retard emission reduction efforts. The more people there are, the more energy is required. Reducing population growth rate will alleviate carbon reduction efforts. Reducing carbon emission is not an event that can be completed over night; but a process which needs several years to bring fourth results.

The Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

Explain how Ariel and Caliban serve as character foils for each other. Be sure to consider their physical appearance and their roles as servants to Prospero. In the world of The Tempest , Ariel, the airy spirit, and Caliban, the earthy monster, can be described as character foils. Unlike and contrasted as they are, they have some traits in common. They both have an aversion to labor and a longing for liberty. Also, they have a primitive sense of humor, a fondness for tricks and pranks, and a spontaneous and unsophisticated love of nature. Furthermore, deeper inside them, one has a fear of a higher power and the other a craving for affection and approbation. Thus, the contrast between them is heightened. Ariel and Caliban symbolize, respectively, pure language and pure body. The name of Prospero's language is Ariel, who symbolizes his word in action, the precise fulfillment of his desires, who operates as an extension of Prospero's body. In a way, Prospero, through his creative word, Ariel, can be seen as being omnipresent. However, Ariel chafes under his master's control, desiring a liberty that would ironically reduce him to nothingness, dispersing him into thin air. Caliban, the son of the evil witch Sycorax, is the perfect brute, who would be petted and patted, given food and drink, and taught to speak. Caliban learns language only to turn it against itself. He becomes vindictive and rewards his master's, Prospero, efforts with curses. His developed consciousness leads him into deeper enslavement, inducing him to overeach his limits by attempting to murder his lord. Earlier, he became rebellious and attempted to "violate" his master's daughter, the innocent, pure Miranda. He later, after getting drunk, turns on Prospero and professes his loyalty to Stephano. In conclusion, Ariel is considered to be beyond humanity at the spiritual end of the scale and Caliban is beneath humanity at the animal end of the scale. In addition, Ariel rides "on the curl'd clouds" and Caliban liveson "this hard rock." Caliban and Ariel exist at opposite sides of the spectrum and because of this, they are characters foils to each other. #3 Describe Miranda. How is she a product of "nurturre rather than "nature"... ...e all his faults in his earlier life. He uses magic to make things better and fix all his problems. In a way, magic is his way of getting around what he can't figure out himself. But now he has come to realize that if he wants to retain his Dukedom he needs to give up his magic and live a normal life as the Duke of Milan. Magic solved his problems for him once in his life, but now he realizes that a good Duke would face the problems just as everyone else does. In his last line of the play, Prospero says " I'll deliver all; and promise you calm seas, auspicious gales, and sail so expeditious that shall catch your royal fleet far off." He then continues to give Ariel his send off of freedom. What he means in this last line of the play is that he is now going to leave this island, but before he does this he wants to mend all ties with those who are there. Next, he renounces his magic as he realizes that he is a new man with new responsibilities. He is off to be the Duke of Milan and serve as a trustworthy and honest Duke, one which all can live under and abide by fairly. He has his Dukedom back, he feels as though he no longer needs his magic.

Case Study on Environmental Health Food Safety Division Program

Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION FOOD SAFETY PROGRAM Environmental Management Department of Sacramento County: Environmental Health Division Food Safety and Protection Program Table of Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 History and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Description of Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Levels of Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Goal and Objective Relevance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Target Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Program Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Program Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Personnel Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Current Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Future Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Changes to the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Appendix D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Abstract Food is a vital ingredient to the survival of life on earth. Food gives people the energy to carry out everyday tasks. With food being so important to life, should it not be of highest quality? Food is prepared, cooked and consumed every minute of every day. How do consumers know that the food is safe? The group members of We 8 A Lot went on a mission to find out exactly how food consumers are protected and by whom. Through research and interviews with the Environmental Management Department of Sacramento County, it was found that there are a group of individuals who work diligently to protect food consumers by inspecting the 6,000 food facilities in Sacramento County. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION FOOD SAFETY AND PROTECTION PROGRAM Introduction For the case study, our group chose to investigate the Food Protection Program that resides within the Environmental Health Division which operates under the umbrella of the Environmental Management Department (EMD) of Sacramento County. The functions of this department not only protect residents and consumers of this county in the matter of retail food safety but, also by the regulation and enforcement of water protection and hazardous materials. On October 1, 2004, an interview was conducted at the Environmental Health Division office located at 8475 Jackson Road, in Sacramento, with June Livingston, Communications and Media Officer and Richard Sanchez, Environmental Program Manager. In the interview, Mr. Sanchez revealed that there are â€Å"close to 6000, food facilities in this [Sacramento] county† (personal communication, October 1, 2004) With this many retail food facilities in Sacramento County and the consumer culture of Americans, the potential for food-borne illness is staggering. Just one instance of improper handling, storage, or cooking of foods in retail food facilities can cause serious outbreaks of infections or in severe cases, death. On average, each day in the United States alone, â€Å"over 200,000 people fall ill with a food-borne illness and of those, fourteen will die† (Sizer & Whitney, 2003, p. 511) Keeping this in mind and the fact that food is one humanity's most basic needs for survival, this agency most definitely warrants study. Since our team was quite large, 8 members, and relative to food, we decided to name it, â€Å"We 8 a lot†. Similarly, due to our team size we decided to split it into halves. One-half of the team devoted their efforts to online and print research while the other half focused on interview and personal communication research. Project tasks were divided between the team members and each member was deemed responsible for his or her content area. Moreover, leadership positions of paper editor, Power Point manager, and team recorder were established on a volunteer basis to avoid any confusion during the project. The members of this team, listed alphabetically are: Simranjot Bains, David Chan, Lynn Gervacio, Safiya Nuur, Joy Pastones, Shantell Payne, Valerie Quitoriano, and Yvonne Rains. History and Development Prior to becoming a department, EMD program elements were housed in the County Health Department. But in 1988, the Sacramento County Environmental Management Department (EMD) became a consolidated, freestanding department consistent with separate City and County advisory body recommendations to merge and augment environmental regulatory activities. Initial program elements included Air Quality, Environmental Health (includes Food Protection Program), and Hazardous Materials Divisions. The Sacramento Air Quality Management District separated from EMD and County Government in 1995. The Environmental Management Department currently has three operating divisions, with Water Protection which was added in 2003. The organizational chart in Appendix A shows the various divisions of the Sacramento County. The Environmental Management Department is one of ten county service agencies. The organizational chart in Appendix B shows how the EMD is further divided. Within the Sacramento EMD, there are three subdivisions that have been listed above. Under the Water Protection, Environmental Health and Hazardous Materials Divisions, there are also a number of subdivisions. Goals and Objectives The Food Protection Program, which is part of the Environmental Health Division (EHD), is responsible for regulation and enforcement of state and local health codes at all retail food facilities in Sacramento County and all incorporated cities. The mission of the agency is to protect the health of the public from unsafe food, water and hazardous materials. The Food Protection Program's goal is to ensure food safety practices at all retail food facilities in Sacramento County and to become a world leader in terms of clean and uncontaminated food (http://www. hs. ca. gov/ps/fdb/HTML/Food/indexfoo. htm). Achieved Goals The Food Protection Program of Sacramento County has achieved many goals. First, the agency has increased the number of inspections from once a year to twice a year for facilities that prepare food. Second, it has developed an enhanced â€Å"Prioritized Inspection Frequency Compliance† on their website to assist businesses in the county (http:/ /www. emd. saccounty. net/Documents/Info/Bulletin0503-prioritized_inspection_frequency. pdf. ). This site answers many questions and has information about the laws and requirements. Third, as of July, 1 2003, the Food Protection Program has mandated all businesses to post their most recent inspection report in a visible place for customers to read. Fourth, the agency has â€Å"initiated an ‘Award of Excellence' in Food Safety to recognize operators of food facilities in Sacramento County and all incorporated cities who exhibit excellent food safety and sanitation standards† (http://www. emd. saccounty. net/EH/EMDFoodSafetyAwards. htm. ). Long Term Goals The Food Protection Program also has many long-term goals. First, the program seeks to increase the surveillance on food markets such as Raley’s, Bel-Air, Albertsons, Safeway, and smaller, family owned markets. The program wants to inspect these businesses twice a year instead of the current one-year inspection. The second long-term goal of the program is to change from hand written inspection reports to computer-based inspections. In order to do this, the program needs to purchase additional equipment such as laptops or some other computer devices that would allow employees to type their inspection. In order to achieve these goals, the program needs to save money and implement additional training for their employees. (personal communication, September 18, 2004). The third, long-term goal of the Food Protection Program is to generate more interest in this field. Ms. Livingston, who is the Communications and Media Officer of the Environmental Management Department, commented that â€Å"the people [public] are not quite sure who does th[is] work†, referring to the functions of EMD. Ms. Livingston also commented that they will do more â€Å"outreach and awareness programs to let people know that food protection is profession (personal communication, September 18, 2004). Description of Services Some of the services the Food Protection Program provides are permitting, inspecting and re-inspecting of retail food facilities. The agency also provides food safety education to train employees of food facilities to improve compliance in terms of food safety regulations and reduction of the incidence of food borne-illness. It also issues permits for new businesses and provides outreach programs for the public. The Food Protection Program investigates complaints and suspected cases of food borne-illnesses when they do occur. Finally, as a last resort, the agency can enforce closure of food facilities with consistent non-compliance (http://www. emd. saccounty. net/pdf/CURFFL. pdf. ). Levels of Intervention The levels of intervention of the Food Protection Program function on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Primary prevention of the agency is enacted through education, outreach, regulation, and inspection. The agency inspects food facilities to prevent contamination of food and food borne-illnesses from the public. Secondary prevention of the Food Protection Program is accomplished through the re-inspection process. When businesses have major violations, they are given a two week period to correct the problem. Once the problems have been corrected, the re-inspection process ensures compliance. Finally, the tertiary level of prevention of the Food Protection Program closes food facilities that have consistent major violations and or violations that are not corrected in a timely fashion. Major violations are those that pose public health hazards such as contaminated equipment (personal communication, September 18, 2004). Goal and Objective Relevance The goals and objectives of the agency address the human ecology and heath studied. The agency provides educational programs through scientific principals to protect the heath of the public and the environment. The Food Protection Program Agency completes these tasks through teamwork and a cooperative approach (http://www. emd. saccounty. net/pdf/CURFFL. pdf). As Richard Sanchez, emphasized, â€Å"the point [of the program] is not to try and fine people, but the first thing we want to do is to educate people and help them understand what it is that they are supposed to do (2004). † Mr. Sanchez also mentioned that â€Å"when people know what food borne-illness is, they are less likely to violate the laws. One of the big ones is hand washing. Something so simple can prevent so much† (personal communication, September 18, 2004). Target Population The Environmental Health Division goals are to deliver outstanding service to all Sacramento County residents including the incorporated cities of Isleton, Folsom, Elk Grove, Galt, Rancho Cordova and Citrus Heights. They also aim to service the visitors in the area as well. The population of this county is over 1. 2 million residents, which is about 1200 persons per square mile. There are food venues developing everywhere to meet the demand of the consumers. The venues where food is served, either cooked or prepackaged, will be subject to an inspection and will be given a permit once it has passed. The typical venues consist of: restaurants (fast food, ice cream shops, delicatessens, coffee shops, sandwich shops), mobile food units, bars, taverns, commissaries, bed and breakfasts, school cafeterias, day/child care facilities, senior non-profit nutrition programs, convenience stores, dairies, and farmers markets as well as special or temporary events such as the fair, and craft or street fairs. During the inspection, even the smallest attributes of food preparation and serving styles are observed. EHD is now striving to complete two inspections per year to better the service of the community and lessen the risk for any food-borne illnesses in the future. Program Evaluation The Environmental Health Division of the Food Safety Protection Program does not have a formal evaluation process; however, they do participate in voluntary evaluations. The purpose of an evaluation is to determine whether the objectives of the program are being met and to provide feedback to improve the program. If we were to evaluate this program, we would use summative evaluations, which are used to determine how well the program has met their predetermined short term and long-term goals and objectives. Summative evaluations use two types of procedures, impact and outcome. Impact procedures are used mainly for immediate, short-term effects while outcome procedures are used for long-term effects. For the EHD Food Safety Protection Program, we would assess a set number of food-borne illnesses and a set number of food safety violations and then evaluate how well the program worked to make sure they did not exceed those limits. Even though the food protection program does not have a formal evaluation process, ironically, they won a 2004 Challenge Award from the California State Association of Counties. Out of 163 Challenge Award entries from 38 counties, the Sacramento County Food Safety Education for Restaurants Program was one of the 10 recipients of the Award. The award was based on demonstrated leadership, innovation, creativity, resourcefulness and effectiveness, as well as the potential for successful elements of the program to be used as a model for other counties. One of the reasons hypothesized why they might have gotten the award was because of their affiliations. The Food Safety Program is a member of the California Restaurant Association (CRA), where the annual membership fee is based on the gross revenue of the program. CRA has been representing approximately 20,000 foodservice establishments in California since 1906. Some of the benefits of membership in the CRA are discounts and savings on essential products, programs and services. Moreover, members are also kept informed on the latest industry issues through newsletters, publications, and resources. Program Funding The Environmental Health Division's financing sources come from four different areas: reimbursements, charges for services, reserve release, and other revenues. The department receives no tax money from the government; however, the department does receive some government grants, but not of any significant amount under the food program. Most of the Environmental Management Department’s large grants are given to the Hazardous materials division, rather than the Environmental Health division, under which the food program is directed. The U. S. Federal Drug Administration did give the food program a small grant in the amount of $5,000 to get their staff training sessions. These grants are listed under the reimbursement area. The charges for services category consists of re-inspection fees, which are billed when food facilities use more time than what the permit pays for. These fees are allocated at the hourly rate of up to $149. 00. The third area, the reserve release, makes improvements possible and makes additional money available if needed. This financial source comes from saving extra money left over from the previous month’s finances. Once there is a need for money that isn’t being met by the three other financial resources, then money is taken out of the reserve. Also if improvements need to be made, such as a new computer system, then the reserve covers this cost. The Environmental Health Division earns the majority of their revenues from the services they provide, which is listed under the other revenue area. Every food facility requires a permit from the Environmental Health Division and is charged a fee for their inspection. Some facilities are inspected once a year, but recently the requirements changed for higher-risk facilities (food preparation sites) to be inspected twice a year. The total budget for the food program is $2,840,243, while the entire budget for the whole program is close to $13 million. Another service the Environmental Health Division provides and earns revenues from is the Food Safety Education program (FSE). The program encompasses two classes about food safety, in which they charge $20 per person for attending. They also offer to perform the classes at the actual food facility site for $400. Despite the fact that the Environmental Health Division receives no tax money from the government, Richard Sanchez believes it is a good thing. He states that when there is a tax cut in government funding, then agencies start having to cut people. He proudly claims that they have never had to cut people, but rather they are adding positions (personal communication, September 18, 2004). In fact, most of their expenditures are from staffing fees. The other two financial uses the department covers are reserve provisions and services and supplies. As mentioned earlier, the reserve provisions consist of extra money that is saved until further needed for improvements or in case financial sources are running low. The money spent on services and supplies is directed towards rent and office provisions. Some of the services the Food Program uses are classified into special interfund/intrafund charges and reimbursements. This would include lab analysis services from a Sacramento County agency. If the inspectors want to have a closer look at a particular facility’s food quality, then an analysis of that food would be performed. The services used by the Food Program would not be paid in cash, rather it would be seen as a trade out to the other Sacramento agency in return for services from the Food Program such as a permit or inspection of that agency’s food facility. Personnel Qualifications Currently, in the County of Sacramento Environmental Management Department there are 110 employees. Of those 110 individuals, 27 are employed within the Food Protection Program. Employment opportunity of the Environmental Health Division varies from what is referred to as a Level I to a Level IV position of Environmental Health Specialist. The minimum qualifications of the Level I position require one year of experience performing technical support or a completion of twelve semester units from a college or university in physical science, life science, or engineering. The salary offered to the Environmental Health Specialist I is $2509. 00 to $3398. 00 per month. The variation in salary is due to experience. If the employee has just started, the salary begins at $2509. 00, but as the person gains experience within the field, the salary increases up to a certain point; which is $3398. 0 per month. In order to grow within the field at all levels, the employee needs to complete the supplemental questionnaire, which encompasses: the employee’s level of education, experience in technical support and public health contact work, possession of current California driver’s license, knowledge of different cultures, and English fluency. Once the questionnaire is submitted, the panel group sets a date for the employee to take a test. The test is divided into ranks, and usually the first three ranks are chosen for the job. Once, the employee has qualified, then the new title given. The position of Environmental Health Specialist II, ranges in salary from $3659. 00 to $4447. 00 per month. This employee should be able to research, interpret, and apply environmental laws and regulations. This position requires the candidate to have: (1) graduation degree in health science, public health, natural science or physical science, (2) one year of experience in environmental research or regulation, or (3) Registered Environmental Health Specialist certification. The third level of employment known as the Environmental Health Specialist III covers field inspections and research. Some of the duties performed are: organization and analysis of environmental data collected, development and preparation of studies related to regulatory compliance, meeting with business owners to develop solutions to achieve compliance, training and guiding other staff members, and preparation of written analyses and recommendations. This position’s salary starts at $4367. 00 and ends at $5308. 00 per month. In order to qualify for this position, the candidate must have a Master’s degree in health science, public health, physical science, or environmental health and a one-year experience in environmental inspection, enforcement, regulation, analysis, or a previous title of Registered Environmental Health Specialist II certification. Environmental Health Specialist IV is the last level of employment and in this position, the candidate is considered a supervisor and is responsible for a team of scientific, professional, and technical staff. At this level, the candidate is paid from $5392. 00 to $5945. 00 per month. He or she plans, organizes, and reviews the work of the team. The candidate also participates in developing and implanting new policies, procedures, programs, regulations, and guidelines related to inspections, enforcement, compliance, and scientific studies. Besides these positions there are also student intern positions which require the student to perform basic duties such as answering the phone, filing, distributing the mail, and helping in research. The students are allowed to work a maximum of 24 hours per week and the only students who qualify for this position are those who are in their last year of completing their degree. Current Status Currently, the services provided by the food safety program are mandated by the State of California in accordance with local provisions and the California Uniform Retail Food Facilities Law (CURFFL), which finds and declares that the public health interest requires that there be uniform statewide health and sanitation standards for retail food facilities to assure the people of this state that food will be pure, safe, and unadulterated. It is the intention of this Legislature to occupy the whole field of health and sanitation standards for these food facilities . . and regulations adopted pursuant to its provisions shall be exclusive of all local health and sanitation standards relating to these facilities. (http://www. Emd. saccounty. net/pdf/CURFFL2004. pdf, p. 4) Since this program is mandated by the state, the food safety program of the Environmental Health Division is at no risk for disruption or dismantling. Twenty-seven, Registered Environmental Health Specialis ts will continue to inspect retail food facilities twice annually (effective July 1, 2003). Although the state mandates inspection twice yearly, Mr. Sanchez, conceded in the interview that markets such as Raley's are only getting inspected once annually. As of the end of September, 2004, the Environmental Health Division has completed â€Å"6,132† inspections of retail food facilities and â€Å"742† inspections of area dairies (http://www. saccounty. net/pdf/EMD-2004-10_Update. pdf. , p. 4). Aside from routine inspections and re-inspections of retail food facilities, Environmental Health continues to offer food safety education and certification classes as well as community outreach events designed to inform consumers and retailers about food safety and compliance with state and local health codes. This group attended an outreach event held at Carmichael Park, on September 18, 2004, where the Environmental Health Division booth activities included a hamburger cooking demonstration to demonstrate proper cooking temperatures as well as safe food handling techniques. Other activities performed by the Environmental Health Division include responding to consumer complaints, investigation of cases of food-borne illness, there have been â€Å"180† cases in Sacramento County as of the end September of this year, evaluation of plans for new food facilities, as well as the granting of permits for these new food facilities (http://www. accounty. net/pdf/EMD-2004-10_Update. pdf, p. 4). Moreover, the Environmental Health Division continues to collect fees for their services and proudly distinguishes qualifying retail food facilities with their â€Å"Award of Excellence† for food safety. Last year, ninety-three area establishments were the recipients of this award. Future Needs The Food Safety and Protection Program is a growing program. As the number of food facilities in the Sacramento area increase, so do the needs of the program. Some of the future needs of the program include an increase in the number of employees for the program, improved outreach programs, software program to improve inspections and inspection reports, and an implementation of a restaurant grading system. The first need of the program is an increase in the number of employees. With only 27 employees who actually do work under the Food Safety and Protection Program, the job of inspecting 6,000 food facilities plus other required tasks is certainly overwhelming. One might think, â€Å"Why don’t they just go ahead and hire more people? Working for the EHD not only requires a college degree but employees must also obtain certification deeming themselves Registered Environmental Health Specialists. Now one might think â€Å"What is a Registered Environmental Health Specialist? † To answer the above question, the program needs to create an awareness of the position. This leads us to the second need of the program. The Food Safety and Protection program is in need of an improved outreach program. Up until finding out what personnel qualifications were needed, we did not know what a Registered Environmental Health Specialist was. More concentrated efforts in outreach programs that introduce and educate people about the validity of their profession may generate more interest in the academic setting thus creating more potential professionals. Another need of the program involves a software program to improve inspections and inspection reports. This program needs to make the change from hand-written reports to typed reports. Going from hand-written to automation would make it much easier for people to read and understand the reports. The final future need of the Food Safety and Protection Program is to implement a restaurant grading system. The restaurant grading system would provide to customers knowledge of where the restaurant stands in terms of food safety compliance. According to June Livingston, â€Å"The restaurants would be given a grade ranging from A-F. â€Å"A† of course being the highest grade to be received and â€Å"F† the lowest. A grade of â€Å"C†, would mean that the restaurant meets minimum compliance requirements† (personal communication, October 27, 2004). The program is still working on the grading system in terms of how it will work and getting legislation to approve the system. Changes to the Program The Food Safety and Protection Program is an extremely successful program under the Environmental Management Department. For 27 employees to be able to inspect 6,000 food facilities is an incredible feat. However, with their measured success, there is some room for improvement. If we were administrators of the program there are a few things that we would do differently. One of the changes that we would make is to the outreach programs. Despite the fact that one of the goals of the program is to have more outreach programs, there is something that we would like to add. In addition to having more outreach programs, we would have the programs target people as early as high school. The outreach should also be targeted at people in colleges and universities. By doing this, a larger audience of people would become knowledgeable of the profession and quite possibly decide to take the path to becoming a Registered Environmental Health Specialist. Another change would be to hire on more employees. With more employees, more work can be done and the current practice of multi-tasking would cease to exist. More employees will allow for more inspections of food facilities thus reducing risk to the public. Increasing inspections of food facilities from annually/biannually to quarterly is another change that we would make as administrators. Food facilities currently undergo one, maybe two inspections a year. Every day new discoveries are made in terms of proper food handling, food-borne illnesses and much more. With these new discoveries, it would be particularly helpful and beneficial that inspections be made on a quarterly basis. Also, more frequent inspections would encourage food facilities to really meet compliance and go above and beyond what is needed for food safety. The final change that we would make to the program is to improve inspection report legibility and visibility. If one were to take a look at an actual inspection report and read the comments written, it usually is difficult to read. We would make the inspection reports typed so that everyone would be able to read exactly what was found at the inspection. We would also improve the visibility of the report. Truth be told, not every food facility has their inspection report visible to the public. We would change this by requiring that establishments post the reports either by the cash register, the doors, in the waiting area if applicable or even by the bathrooms. We would further enforce this requirement by charging the facility a certain fee if the inspection report is not fully visible to the public. The addition of a fee for not having the report visible would not only create added revenue for the program, but it would also get the food facilities to comply more strongly in order to avoid getting fined. With these reports visible, the public would have the ability to find out whether or not they are eating at a food safe establishment. References County of Sacramento Environmental Department Website. (2004). Award of Excellence in Food Safety. Retrieved November 12, 2004 from http://www. emd. saccounty. net/EH/EMDFoodSafetyAwards. htm County of Sacramento Environmental Department Website. (2004). California Uniform Retail Food Facilities Law (CURFFL). Retrieved November 3, 2004 from http://www. Emd. saccounty. net/pdf/CURFFL2004. pdf. County of Sacramento California Website. (2004). County Organization Chart. Retrieved October 16, 2004 from http://www. saccounty. net/portal/about/docs/county-org-chart. pdf. County of Sacramento California Website. (2004). Food Safety Program, Retrieved November 12, 2004 from http://www. dhs. ca. gov/ps/fdb/HTML/Food/indexfoo. htm. County of Sacramento Environmental Department Website. (2004). Prioritized Inspection Frequency, Retrieved November 12, 2004 from http://www. emd. saccounty. net/Documents/Info/Bulletin0503 prioritized_inspection_frequency. pdf County of Sacramento Environmental Department Website. (2004). Update. Retrieved October, 16, 2004 from http://www. saccounty. net/pdf/EMD-2004-10_Update. pdf. Sizer, F. , & Whitney, E. (2003). Food safety and food technology. In E. Howe, & J. Boyd (Eds. ), Nutrition: Concepts and controversies (pp. 509-556). Belmont,USA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. APPENDIX A: THE ORGANIZATION CHART [pic] Note. From â€Å"County of Sacramento California Website† http://www. saccounty. net/portal/about/docs/county-org-chart. pdf Copyright 2004 by County Executive. Reprinted with permission. APPENDIX B: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION CHART Figure 1. The subdivisions within Environmental Management. APPEDNDIX C: PROPOSAL Proposal This case study seeks to explore the Environmental Health Division within the Environmental Management Department of Sacramento County. Investigation in this agency will reveal how the County of Sacramento protects its residents and consumers from potential health hazards and illnesses originating from retail food facilities. Today, the average consumer rarely worries about the risk of dining out or â€Å"grabbing a bite†; however, factors such as improper storage, cooking and handling of foods or poor sanitation practices have the potential to create serious illness and even death. This agency warrants investigation since food is one of man's most basic and vital needs for survival. ———————– Management Plans Private School Inspections Land Use Evaluation Toxic Site Clean Up Well Monitoring Septic Tanks Recycled Water Industrial Storm water Program Risk Evaluation Accidental Release HazMat Land Use Incident Response Storage Tanks Business Plans Mold Information Lead Illness Investigation Tobacco Retailer Program Medical Waste Recreational Health Food Protection & Safety Education Water Protection Hazardous Materials Environmental Health Environmental Management